Modified sports interventions for children and adolescents with disabilities: A scoping review.

AIM: To establish the scope of the literature on modified sports interventions for children and adolescents with disabilities. METHOD: For this scoping review, articles were screened and the characteristics of studies were extracted. The modified sports interventions were described in terms of their structure, using the items of the Template for Intervention Description and Replication. Components of intervention treatment were described by using the language of the Rehabilitation Treatment Specification System. Results were analysed and validated by a group of professionals, using the Public and Patient Involvement strategy. RESULTS: Twelve studies were eligible for inclusion, investigating interventions for children with autism spectrum disorder, cerebral palsy, and other conditions. Most studies presented a moderate level of evidence. Active ingredients were repeated sports-related motor training and introduction to the sport through a 'learning by action' mechanism. The intervention target was gross motor skills performance, and intervention aims (indirect outcomes) were physical activity participation and different body functions. INTERPRETATION: The inclusion of stakeholders in this review helped to validate our findings about the characteristics and structure of modified sports interventions, to identify research gaps, and to provide a step process for clinical implementation. Future investigations are warranted of the effectiveness of modified sports investigations with better quality studies, including participation outcomes and studies with non-ambulant children.

Analysis of the Brazilian-Portuguese Content on Autism Spectrum Disorder Available on YouTube Videos.

AIMS: Information about Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is available in different videos on YouTube. However, these videos might present inaccurate or outdated information. The aims of this study were to 1) identify characteristics of Brazilian-Portuguese videos about ASD (i.e., type of content, number of views, likes, and dislikes); 2) analyze the content of informative videos about ASD, by assessing their trustworthiness and overall quality; and 3) investigate the most popular topics of informative videos about ASD over time. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional study that investigated Brazilian-Portuguese ASD content on YouTube. Videos were selected by two examiners and categorized as experiential or informative. The Discern checklist and the Global Quality Score (GQS) were used to analyze the trustworthiness and quality of informative videos. RESULTS: In total, 216 videos were analyzed, of which 19.5% and 85% were classified as experiential and informative, respectively. The majority of informative videos presented moderate trustworthiness and quality. Videos about ASD clinical aspects were the most popular. CONCLUSION: YouTube offers a large number of experiential and informative videos on ASD. However, some of these videos fail to present reliable and additional sources of information for stakeholders. Efforts to promote knowledge translation about ASD on YouTube are necessary.

Translation, reliability, and validity of the Brazilian-Portuguese version of the Early Activity Scale for Endurance (EASE).

PURPOSE: Translate, investigate reliability, and construct validity of the Brazilian Early Activity Scale for Endurance (EASE). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Translation followed the international guidelines. Test-retest reliability was tested by 100 parents of children with cerebral palsy (CP): 18 months-5 years and 6-11 years. To determine construct validity, 94 parents of typically children completed the EASE. Statistical analysis included Bland-Altman, Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC), Internal Consistency, and Floor and Ceiling Effect. RESULTS: The majority of the sample consisted of children with CP in GMFCS (IV-V). EASE showed good test-retest reliability for younger (ICC = 0.8) and excellent test-retest reliability for older children with CP (ICC = 0.9), and good internal consistency of 0.7 and 0.8 for the young and older group, respectively. Bland-Altman showed the bias close to zero, with no ceiling or floor effect. Regarding construct validity, younger children showed lower scores when compared to the older children. Endurance differed significantly between children with CP who were walking and those who were not walking and also for age groups. Children with CP showed lower endurance compared to typically participants in the same age group. CONCLUSIONS: Brazilian EASE is reliable and valid to estimate endurance in children with CP. Results provide evidence of construct validity.

Endurance to physical activity is an important construct to be evaluated and that directly interferes with the health and quality of life of children with Cerebral Palsy (CP).The Brazilian-Portuguese version of the 4-item Early Activity Scale for Endurance (EASE) is a valid and reliable scale to assess endurance to physical activity in children with CP.

Percepções dos pais sobre uma intervenção de esportes modificados para crianças com paralisia cerebral.

OBJETIVO: Explorar as percepções dos pais de crianças com paralisia cerebral (PC) sobre uma intervenção de esportes modificados, intitulada Sports Stars Brasil. MÉTODOS: Pais de crianças (n = 15, com idades de 6 a 12 anos) com PC, classificadas nos níveis I e II do GMFCS, que participaram do Sports Stars Brasil, foram recrutados para este estudo qualitativo descritivo. As crianças receberam uma intervenção de esportes modificados de oito semanas (1 hora por semana). Após a intervenção, os pais participaram de um grupo focal. A interpretação das "minhas palavras favoritas" (saúde, família, diversão, funcionalidade, amigos e futuro) da Classificação Internacional de Funcionalidade, Incapacidade e Saúde foi usada para orientar a os grupos focais. As transcrições foram codificadas usando a metodologia de análise de conteúdo. RESULTADOS: Os pais relataram experiências positivas com o Sports Stars Brasil, incluindo a redução do sedentarismo ("Saúde"), melhora das habilidades motoras ("Funcionalidade"), maior conexão entre a criança e a família ("Família"), melhor socialização ("Amigos"), aumento na participação em atividades prazerosas ("Diversão") e conscientização sobre a importância da atividade física ("Futuro"). Todas as experiências positivas estavam interconectadas. INTERPRETAÇÃO: A capacidade do Sports Stars de integrar todos os aspectos do funcionalidade apoia seu papel como uma opção de intervenção promissora para crianças com PC deambulantes.

Parents' perceptions of a modified sports intervention for children with cerebral palsy.

AIM: To explore the perceptions of parents of children with cerebral palsy (CP) participating in a modified sports intervention, Sports Stars Brazil. METHOD: Parents of children with CP (n = 15, 6-12 years old, nine males, six females), classified in Gross Motor Function Classification System levels I and II, who participated in the Sports Stars Brazil intervention, were recruited for this descriptive qualitative study. Children received the 8-week (1 hour per week) modified sports intervention. After the intervention, parents participated in a focus group. The F-word (fitness, family, fun, functioning, friends, and future) interpretation of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health was used to guide the discussion. Participants were invited to report their experience of participating in the intervention using the F-words for a childhood disability model. Transcripts were coded using content analysis. RESULTS: Parents reported positive experiences of the Sports Stars Brazil intervention, including a decrease in sedentarism (fitness), improvement of motor skills (functioning), greater connection between child and family (family), better socialization (friends), increased participation in pleasurable activities (fun), and awareness of the importance of physical activity (future). All positive experiences were interconnected. INTERPRETATION: This study presents the ability of the Sports Stars Brazil intervention to integrate all aspects of functioning and supports its role as an engaging and promising intervention option for ambulant children with CP.

Sports Stars Brazil in children with autism spectrum disorder: A feasibility randomized controlled trial protocol.

BACKGROUND: Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) children have lower levels of participation in recreational and sporting activities when compared to their peers. Participation has been defined based on the Family of Participation-Related Constructs (fPRC) which defines participation as including both attendance and involvement, with sense of self, preferences and activity competence related to a child's participation. Modified sports interventions such as Sports Stars can act on physical literacy and some of the fPRCs components. This study aims to assess the feasibility of the Sports Stars Brazil intervention for children with ASD. METHODS: This study will be conducted with 36 participants with ASD aged 6 to 12 years old following the CONSORT for pilot and feasibility recommendation. Participants will be randomly allocated into two groups. Intervention group will receive eight, weekly Sports Stars sessions. Each session will include of sports-focused gross motor activity training, confidence building, sports-education and teamwork development. Study assessments will occur at baseline, immediately post-intervention and 20-weeks post-randomization. First, we will assess process feasibility measures: recruitment, assessment completion, adherence, adverse events and satisfaction. Second, we will investigate the scientific feasibility of the intervention by estimating the effect size and variance at the level of achievement sports-related activity and physical activity participation goals (Goal Attainment Scaling), activity competence (Ignite Challenge, Test of Gross Motor Development-second edition, Physical Literacy Profile Questionnaire, Pediatric Disability Assessment Inventory-Computer Adaptive Test-PEDI-CAT-mobility, 10×5 Sprint Test and Muscle Power Sprint Test), sense of self (PEDI-CAT-responsibility), and overall participation at home, school and community, (Participation and Environment Measure for children and young people, PEM-CY). DISCUSSION: The results of this feasibility study will inform which components are critical to planning and preparing a future RCT study, aiming to ensure that the RCT will be feasible, rigorous and justifiable. TRIAL REGISTRATION: The trial was registered with the Brazilian Registry of Clinical Trials database (ID: RBR-9d5kyq4) on June 15, 2022.

Translation, reliability, and validity of the Brazilian-Portuguese version of the Brachial Plexus Outcome Measure scale (BPOM-Br).

PURPOSE: To translate and investigate inter-rater reliability, internal consistency, content validity, and construct validity of the Brazilian-Portuguese Version of the Brachial Plexus Outcome Measure Scale (BPOM-Br). MATERIAL AND METHODS: The translation followed international guidelines. Inter-rater reliability was tested with 51 individuals with Neonatal Brachial Plexus Palsy (NBPP), aged between 4 to 16 years old. To determine concurrent construct validity, children were also assessed with the Mallet Scale. Statistical analysis included Bland-Altman, Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC), Floor and Ceiling and effect, and Pearson correlation. RESULTS: The majority of the sample consisted of children with upper NBPP (75.2%), mean age of 8.9 years old. BPOM-Br showed appropriate content validity (comprehensiveness) according to rehabilitation professionals. It also showed excellent inter-rater reliability (ICC = 0.90) and internal consistency (α = 0.91). Bland-Altman analysis showed bias close to zero. Finally, BPOM-Br showed overall significant positive correlations with the Mallet scale items (rs= 0.31 to 0.78 p < 0.05), indicating adequate concurrent validity. CONCLUSIONS: BPOM-Br is a consistent, reliable, and valid instrument to assess activity of school-aged children with NBPP.IMPLICATIONS FOR REHABILITATIONThe Brazilian-Portuguese Version of the Brachial Plexus Outcome Measure Scale (BPOM-Br) presents understandable items and no ceiling and floor effects.The BPOM-Br provides a valid and reliable version for use in Brazilian school-aged children with neonatal brachial plexus palsy.It is important to promote its use both in clinical practice and in research as a specific evaluation of activity domain.

Practitioner-led, peer-group sports intervention combined with a context-focused intervention for children with cerebral palsy: a protocol of a feasibility randomised clinical trial.

BACKGROUND: There is a need to investigate relevant, acceptable and feasible approaches that promote participation in leisure-time physical activity for children with cerebral palsy (CP). The aim of this study is to assess the feasibility of a randomised controlled trial comparing a peer-group intervention focused on improving physical literacy (Sports Stars) with the combination of Sports Stars and a context-focused intervention (Pathways and Resources for Engagement and Participation, PREP) for ambulant children with CP in Brazil. METHODS: In this feasibility trial, 18 ambulant children (aged 6-12 years) with CP will be randomised into two groups (nine per group): (1) Sports Stars and (2) Sports Stars plus PREP. The Sports Stars group will receive 8 weekly group sessions, focusing on developing the physical, social, cognitive and psychological skills required to participate in popular Brazilian sports. The combined Sports Stars and PREP group will receive Sports Stars in addition to eight individual PREP sessions focused on overcoming environmental barriers to participation. The primary outcome will include feasibility measures: willingness to participate in an RCT, eligibility and recruitment rates, maintenance of evaluator blinding, acceptability of screening procedures and random allocation, feasibility of evaluating outcomes, contamination between the groups, intervention adherence, treatment satisfaction, understanding of the intervention and implementation resources. Additional instruments will be applied to obtain data related to leisure-time physical activity participation goals, overall participation (home, school and community), physical literacy, level of physical activity and family empowerment. Outcomes will be assessed before, after and 12 weeks after intervention. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: This feasibility trial has been approved by ethical Federal University of Minas Gerais' Ethics Review Committee (CAAE: 33238520.5.0000.5149). All potential subjects will provide written informed consent. The results of this study will be published in peer-reviewed journals and be presented at academic conferences. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBERS: RBR-4m3b4b6, U1111-1256-4998.

Desenvolvimento de crianças, adolescentes e jovens adultos com Paralisia Cerebral de acordo com a CIF? Uma revisão do escopo.

A CIF pode ser usada para mapear uma série de desfechos por meio de estudos de desenvolvimento. Os principais desfechos investigados em crianças com PC foram atividade e estrutura e função corporal. Pouco tem sido explorado os desfechos de participação e fatores contextuais ao longo do tempo. A principal classificação utilizada para estratificar os participantes foi o Sistema de Classificação da Função Motora Grossa. Estudos futuros devem ampliar seu foco para diferentes áreas da CIF, e na transição para a vida adulta. Estudos sobre o desenvolvimento de indivíduos com PC ajudam terapeutas e pais a planejarem abordagens de tratamento e prognóstico futuro. Os principais desfechos investigados em indivíduos com PC foram atividade e estruturas e funções corporais. Pouco tem sido explorado em desfechos de participação e de fatores contextuais ao longo do tempo.

OBJETIVOS: Identificar e fornecer uma visão geral descritiva dos estudos de desenvolvimento de crianças, adolescentes e jovens adultos com paralisia cerebral (PC); e mapear áreas de foco de acordo com os componentes da Classificação Internacional de Funcionalidade, Incapacidade e Saúde (CIF) da OMS. MÉTODO: Estudos longitudinais do desenvolvimento de crianças, adolescentes e/ou jovens adultos com PC foram incluídos nesta revisão de escopo. A busca por estudos elegíveis foi realizada nas bases de dados: MEDLINE, PubMed, LILACS, EMBASE, Cochrane, CINAHL, Scopus, e foi restrita aos anos de 2002-2022. Todas os desfechos dos estudos foram classificados em componentes da CIF. RESULTADOS: Nos 56 estudos incluídos, houve 19.438 participantes, envolvendo principalmente crianças, seguidas de adolescentes e, por último, jovens adultos. Todos os componentes da CIF foram investigados e muitos estudos relataram resultados em mais de um componente. O componente atividade foi o mais investigado (67,9%; n = 38 estudos), seguida da estrutura e função corporal (42,9%; n = 24 estudos). A participação (14,2%; n = 8 estudos) e os fatores ambientais (3,6%; n = 2 estudos) foram os menos estudados. Nenhum dos estudos investigou fatores pessoais como desfecho. INTERPRETAÇÃO: Esta revisão de escopo fornece uma visão geral dos estudos sobre o desenvolvimento de crianças, adolescentes e jovens adultos com PC, usando a estrutura da CIF, identificando áreas atuais de foco e lacunas. Estudos futuros devem visar a participação, os fatores contextuais e a transição para a vida adulta. O QUE ESTE ESTUDO ADICIONA: A CIF pode ser usada para mapear uma série de desfechos por meio de estudos de desenvolvimento. Os principais desfechos investigados em crianças com PC foram atividade e estrutura e função corporal. Pouco tem sido explorado os desfechos de participação e fatores contextuais ao longo do tempo. A principal classificação utilizada para estratificar os participantes foi o Sistema de Classificação da Função Motora Grossa. Estudos futuros devem ampliar seu foco para diferentes áreas da CIF, e na transição para a vida adulta.

Moving together is better: a systematic review with meta-analysis of sports-focused interventions aiming to improve physical activity participation in children and adolescents with cerebral palsy.

PURPOSE: To analyze the effectiveness of sports-focused interventions on the participation of children and adolescents with cerebral palsy (CP). METHODS: Study searches were conducted on EMBASE, PubMed, Scielo, PEDro, CINAHL, SPORTDiscuss in June 2022. We included randomized controlled trials that investigated the effectiveness of sports-focused interventions in children and adolescents with CP in comparison with control. Risk of bias was assessed with PEDro scale and evidence certainty with GRADE approach. Data were pooled in random-effects meta-analyses and results were presented as standardized mean differences. RESULTS: Ten RCTs were selected with different modalities, mostly for ambulant children and adolescents. Significant pooled effects on participation in leisure-time physical activity were seen only in group interventions (modified sports, gross motor training, and fitness training), in comparison with control [SMD(95% CI) = 0.32(0.01-0.73) p = 0.04]. No pooled effects were seen in participation in other life areas in comparison with control (p > 0.05). Current certainty of evidence of all sports-focused interventions included was moderate due to imprecision. CONCLUSION: Positive results on leisure-time participation were seen at short-term follow-up for group interventions. Sports-focused interventions did not improve participation in other life areas, reinforcing the importance of specificity when conducting participation interventions. Studies investigating sports-focused interventions including non-ambulatory individuals are still necessary. IMPLICATIONS FOR REHABILITATIONSports-focused interventions target leisure-time physical activity participation.They present moderate evidence of their effectiveness to improve physical activity participation in individuals with cerebral palsy.Group interventions are effective in improving leisure-time physical activity participation.Sports-focused interventions did not improve participation in other life areas.

Development of children, adolescents, and young adults with cerebral palsy according to the ICF: A scoping review.

AIM: To identify and provide a descriptive overview of the development of children, adolescents, and young adults with cerebral palsy (CP) in longitudinal studies; and map areas of focus according to the components of the World Health Organization's International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health (ICF). METHOD: Longitudinal studies of the development of children, adolescents, and/or young adults with CP were included in this scoping review. A search for eligible studies was conducted in the databases MEDLINE, PubMed, LILACS, EMBASE, Cochrane, CINAHL, and Scopus, and was restricted to the years 2002 to 2022. All outcome measures of the studies were classified into ICF components. RESULTS: In the 56 studies included, there were 19 438 participants, involving mainly children, followed by adolescents, and lastly young adults. All components of the ICF were investigated and many studies reported outcomes in more than one component. Activity was the most investigated (67.9%; n = 38 studies), followed by body functions and structures (42.9%; n = 24 studies). Participation (14.2%; n = 8 studies) and environmental factors (3.6%; n = 2 studies) were the least studied. None of the studies investigated personal factors as an outcome. INTERPRETATION: This scoping review provides an overview of studies on the development of children, adolescents, and young adults with CP, using the ICF framework, identifying current areas of focus and gaps in the research. Future studies should target participation, contextual factors, and the transition into adulthood. WHAT THIS PAPER ADDS: The International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health can be used to map a range of outcomes through developmental studies. The main outcomes investigated in children with cerebral palsy were activity, and body functions and structures. Little has been explored in participation and contextual factors outcomes over time. The main classification used to stratify the participants was the Gross Motor Function Classification System.

Measuring subjective aspects of participation in adults with disabilities: A systematic review of the coverage, content validity and internal structure of standardised instruments.

OBJECTIVE: To systematically review evidence on the coverage, content validity and internal structure of self-report measures capturing subjective aspects of participation for adults with disabilities. DATA SOURCES: EMBASE, MEDLINE and reference lists were searched until July 10th, 2022 for articles on measurement properties of instruments measuring participation as defined in the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health, from a subjective perspective. METHOD: Each instrument was assessed for its coverage of subjective aspects of participation. The Consensus-based Standards for the Selection of Health Measurement Instruments were used to assess the quality of each study. Content validity and internal structure (structural validity, internal consistency and cross-cultural validity) were rated against published standards and qualified by the adapted Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation. RESULTS: Thirty-eight studies regarding 10 instruments were analysed. Most instruments mix activity and participation items. Only the Measure of Experiential Aspects of Participation (with high-quality evidence of sufficient structural validity and generally sufficient internal consistency), the Participation Enfranchisement and the Community Integration Measure showed adequate coverage. For all instruments, evidence of content validity is of low- to very low quality. There is high-quality evidence that the Participation Scale is not unidimensional. CONCLUSION: In general, the coverage and the evidence for content validity and internal structure of measures capturing experiential aspects of participation are limited. The Measure of Experiential Aspects of Participation has the best level of evidence in support of its use. The score of the Participation Scale cannot be considered an adequate reflection of participation.

Qualidade dos instrumentos que avaliam Atividade e Participação de pessoas com distrofia muscular: uma revisão sistemática de medidas de resultado relatadas pelos pacientes.

OBJETIVO: Identificar os instrumentos de avaliação para pessoas com distrofia muscular e investigar a qualidade/nível de evidência de suas propriedades de medidas. MÉTODOS: Uma revisão sistemática de medidas de resultado relatadas pelos pacientes foi conduzida nas bases de dados MEDLINE, Embase, AMED, DiTA e PsycINFO em agosto de 2020. Foram incluídos estudos psicométricos que investigaram a validade, confiabilidade e responsividade de instrumentos de medida que avaliam atividade e participação para distrofia muscular de qualquer tipo (Duchenne, becker, cinturas, facioescapuloumeral, congênita e miotônica) e idade. Dois revisores independentes selecionaram os estudos, extraíram dados e avaliaram a qualidade e nível de evidência dos instrumentos de medida seguindo o checklist COnsensus-based Standards for the Selection of health status Measurement INstruments (COSMIN). RESULTADOS: A busca identificou 6675 referências; um total de 46 estudos com 28 instrumentos de medida de condição-específica ou genéricos foram incluídos. As propriedades de medidas da maioria dos instrumentos tiveram resultados suficientes (68.8%) ou indeterminados (25.7%) de acordo com o COSMIN. A qualidade da evidência das propriedades de medidas foi moderada (23.8%) ou baixa (22.6%) de acordo com o Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE). INTERPRETAÇÃO: Existem poucos instrumentos de medida de alta qualidade que tiveram suas propriedades adequadamente medidas. O instrumento com maior qualidade é o Muscular Dystrophy Functional Rating Scale. O Motor Function Measure (instrumento genérico), Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy Upper-limb Patient-reported Outcome Measure, North Star Ambulatory Assessment e Myotonic Dystrophy Type 1 Activity and Participation Scale for Clinical Use (específicos) também são recomendados.

Quality of instruments assessing activity and participation of people with muscular dystrophy: A systematic review of participant-reported outcome measures.

AIM: To identify the standardized assessment scales for people with muscular dystrophy and investigate the quality/level of evidence of their measurement properties. METHOD: A systematic review of patient-reported outcome measures was conducted on the MEDLINE, Embase, AMED, DiTA, and PsycINFO databases in August 2020. We included psychometric studies that investigated the validity, reliability, and responsiveness of instruments assessing activity and participation for muscular dystrophy of any type (Duchenne, Becker, limb-girdle, facioscapulohumeral, congenital, and myotonic) or age. Two independent reviewers selected the studies, extracted data, and evaluated the instruments' quality and level of evidence following the COnsensus-based Standards for the selection of health status Measurement INstruments (COSMIN) checklist. The study followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) 2020 guidelines. RESULTS: The searches identified 6675 references; a total of 46 studies with 28 condition-specific or general instruments were included. The measurement properties of most instruments had sufficient (68.8%) or indeterminate (25.7%) results according to COSMIN. The quality of evidence of the measurement properties was moderate (23.8%) or low (22.6%) according to the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE). INTERPRETATION: There is a lack of high-quality instruments whose psychometric properties are adequately measured. The highest quality instrument is the Muscular Dystrophy Functional Rating Scale. The Motor Function Measure (general instrument), Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy Upper-limb Patient-reported Outcome Measure, North Star Ambulatory Assessment, and Myotonic Dystrophy Type 1 Activity and Participation Scale for Clinical Use (specific) are also recommended. WHAT THIS PAPER ADDS: There are 28 available instruments for activity and participation of people with muscular dystrophy. The evidence quality is moderate or low because of imprecision and indirectness. The Muscular Dystrophy Functional Rating Scale is the highest quality instrument. The Motor Function Measure is the second most recommended instrument. The Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy Upper-limb Patient-reported Outcome Measure, North Star Ambulatory Assessment, and Myotonic Dystrophy Type 1 Activity and Participation Scale for Clinical Use are also recommended.

Analysis of Informative Content on Cerebral Palsy Presented in Brazilian-Portuguese YouTube Videos.

Aims: To describe the characteristics of the most accessed YouTube videos in Brazilian-Portuguese on cerebral palsy (CP), and to analyze content of informational videos about this topic.Methods: This was a cross-sectional study. Searching on YouTube website was conducted by two independent examiners between November and December 2019, using the keywords "Paralisia Cerebral" sorted by videos' number of views. Videos that did not present content related to CP or duplicate videos were excluded. The interaction parameters and content characteristics of the included videos were extracted. To access the trustworthiness and quality of informational videos, the modified Discern checklist and the Global Quality Score was used.Results: Following the eligibility criteria 90 videos were included. Fifty-three (53) were classified as experiential videos and 37 as informational videos. Informational videos presented multi-topics about different aspects of CP. This group of videos presented moderate trustworthiness due to the lack of scientific evidence content. Informational videos had good quality and generally good flow.Conclusion: YouTube presented a large number of videos about CP in Brazilian-Portuguese. Informational videos are useful for patients and healthcare providers; however, it is necessary to included information about scientific evidence, as a strategy to facilitate and promote knowledge translation.

Fisioterapia em crianças com paralisia cerebral no Brasil: uma revisão de escopo.

OBJETIVO: Identificar e avaliar os estudos publicados sobre fisioterapia em crianças e adolescentes brasileiros com paralisia cerebral (PC), usando o modelo da Classificação Internacional de Funcionalidade, Incapacidade e Saúde (CIF). MÉTODO: Artigos em inglês e português publicados até outubro de 2020, sem restrição de data, foram pesquisados em diferentes bases bibliográficas. Foram extraídos dados sobre as características do estudo, métricas do periódico, características da amostra, domínios da CIF explorados a partir dos componentes e desfechos das intervenções. Para caracterizar as evidências, os estudos foram classificados de acordo com os níveis de evidência do Centro de Medicina Baseada em Evidência de Oxford. RESULTADOS: Noventa e quatro estudos foram incluídos. Crianças com PC espástica e com menores limitações nas habilidades motoras grossas foram as mais reportadas; 67% dos estudos apresentaram baixos níveis de evidência e foram publicados em periódicos sem fator de impacto. As três intervenções mais frequentes foram o conceito neuroevolutivo Bobath/terapia do neurodesenvolvimento, a terapia com vestes e a estimulação transcraniana por corrente contínua. Os componentes das intervenções exploraram estruturas e funções do corpo (73,4%), atividade (59,6%) e ambiente (2,1%). Entretanto não exploraram a participação (0%). Os desfechos investigados abordaram atividade (79,8%), estruturas e funções do corpo (67,0%), participação (1%) e ambiente (0%). INTERPRETAÇÃO: Os estudos de intervenções fisioterapêuticas para crianças e adolescentes brasileiros com PC, apresentam maior foco em minimizar deficiências em estruturas e funções do corpo e limitações de atividades. São necessários mais estudos, com melhor nível de evidência e foco ampliado para a participação e os fatores ambientais.

Physical therapy in children with cerebral palsy in Brazil: a scoping review.

AIM: To identify and assess published studies concerning physical therapy in Brazilian children and adolescents with cerebral palsy (CP) using the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) framework. METHOD: Articles in English and Portuguese published until October 2020, with no date restrictions, were searched in several different databases. Study characteristics, journal metrics, sample characteristics, and ICF domains explored intervention components and outcomes were extracted. Studies were classified according to the Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine hierarchy levels to characterize the evidence. RESULTS: Ninety-four studies were included. Spastic CP with fewer limitations in gross motor abilities was the most reported; 67% of the studies had low levels of evidence and were published in journals without an impact factor. The three most frequent interventions were neurodevelopmental treatment, suit therapy, and transcranial direct current stimulation. Intervention components explored body functions and structures (73.4%), activity (59.6%), environment (2.1%). They did not explore participation (0%). The outcomes investigated addressed activity (79.8%), body functions and structures (67.0%), and participation (1.1%), but not environment (0%). INTERPRETATION: Studies of physical therapy for Brazilian children and adolescents with CP focused on reducing impairments and activity limitations. Studies with higher levels of evidence and an expanded focus on participation and environmental factors are necessary.

Effectiveness of Modified Sports for Children and Adolescents With Cerebral Palsy: A Pragmatic Study Protocol.

PURPOSE: Sports Stars is a modified sports intervention that aims to prepare individuals with cerebral palsy for the transition from usual physical therapy care to community sports participation. This is a pragmatic randomized controlled trial protocol of a Brazilian applicability of this intervention. METHOD: This study will compare the effectiveness of Sports Stars Brazil with standard care. Seventy-six children who walk and adolescents with cerebral palsy will be randomly assigned into an intervention or control group. The intervention group will receive 8 weekly group sessions. Each session will include 1 hour of sports-focused gross motor activity training and teamwork development, centered on popular Brazilian sports. Participation, levels of physical activity and, physical literacy domains will be measured at baseline, postintervention, and at 12-weeks of follow-up. DISCUSSION: The investigation of Sports Stars Brazil will provide high-quality evidence regarding the effectiveness of modified sports intervention to support participation in sports in this population.

Measurement Properties and Translation to Brazilian-Portuguese of the Challenge for Children and Adolescents with Cerebral Palsy.

Aims: Translate the Challenge assessment into Brazilian-Portuguese, determine its face validity, evaluate the reliability of the total score and score per item, investigate whether the child's gross motor level (classified by the Gross Motor Function Classification System-GMFCS) influences the reliability levels, and estimate responsiveness to change.Methods: The translation followed four stages: translation, synthesis, back-translation, and review. For face validity, ten physical therapists evaluated item relevance. Children and adolescents with cerebral palsy (n = 50, 5-18 years of age) GMFCS I and II were evaluated by two therapists for inter and intra-rater reliability. Thirty of these participants were recruited for the instrument's responsiveness evaluation and reassessed (n = 28) after three months of treatment. Minimal Detectable Change (MDC), and Minimal Clinically Important Difference (MCID) were estimated.Results: The back-translated version was similar to the English version. All test items were considered relevant by the physical therapists. Total score intra and inter-rater reliability were excellent for both GMFCS levels (ICC = 0.94-0.99). Items' intra- and inter- rater reliability varied from low to almost perfect (kw=-0.14-0.94). MDC90 and MDC95 values were 3.90-6.35 and 4.63-7.54, respectively. MCID values were 3.57-4.56.Conclusion: The translated version of the Challenge showed excellent face validity and reliability and was able to document longitudinal change.

Effects of kinesiology taping in children with cerebral palsy: a systematic review / Os efeitos do Kinesiotaping em crianças com Paralisia Cerebral: Uma revisão sistemática

Abstract Introduction: Cerebral Palsy is a group of non-progressive movement and posture disorders. There are many rehabilitation methods for children and adolescents with these disorders. Kinesiology Taping(KT) is becoming a popular as an option of rehabilitation method for these children. Objective: The aim of this systematic review is to summarize evidence regarding the methods of Kinesiology Taping use in children and adolescents with Cerebral Palsy and its effects. Materials: A search of scientific papers in the databases Medline, Scielo and PEDro was conducted with no data or language restriction. For this search the keywords "Kinesio taping", "Kinesiology Taping", "Taping", and "Bandages" combined with "Cerebral Palsy" were used. The search was conducted between May of 2015 and November of 2016. Results: Eleven studies were included in the review, six were randomized controlled clinical trials, four were quasi-experimental studies, and one was a case study. In general, the studies followed the guidelines proposed by the Kinesiology Taping creator; they used corrective techniques and muscle contraction facilitation/inhibition techniques. Results varied according to techniques used and outcomes chosen. Conclusion: There is strong to insufficient evidence of KT effects in motor function related outcomes. Stronger quality level studies are necessary to support use of KT in clinical practice.

Resumo Introdução: A Paralisia Cerebral é definida como um grupo de distúrbios não progressivos de movimento e de postura. Existem diferentes métodos de reabilitação para crianças e adolescentes com Paralisia Cerebral. Dentre eles, o uso do Kinesio Taping vem se tornando comum. Objetivo: O objetivo da presente revisão sistemática é sumarizar evidências relativas a métodos de aplicação do Kinesio Taping e seus efeitos em crianças e adolescentes com Paralisia Cerebral. Métodos: Foi realizada uma busca da literatura científica nas bases de dados Medline, Scielo e PEDro sem restrição de idioma. Para esta pesquisa foram utilizadas as palavras-chave "Kinesio taping", "Kinesiology Taping", "Taping" e "Bandages" combinadas à "Cerebral Palsy". A busca aconteceu entre Maio de 2015 a Novembro de 2016. Resultados: Foram selecionados onze estudos, sendo seis ensaios clínicos controlados e aleatorizados, quatro ensaios clínicos não controlados e um estudo de caso. Os estudos no geral seguem os modelos de aplicação do taping propostos pelo criador da técnica, utilizando técnicas corretivas e técnicas de facilitação/inibição da contração muscular. Há pobre evidência de efeitos e estes variam com os métodos de aplicação utilizados e os desfechos escolhidos. Conclusão: Há evidência forte a insuficiente quanto aos efeitos do KT desfechos relacionados às funções motoras. São necessários estudos com maior qualidade metodológica para justificar o uso do KT na prática clínica.